Atlas of Diseases

  Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, painful lesions that typically develop on the soft tissues inside the mouth, such as the cheeks, gums, tongue, or the roof of the mouth. They are not contagious and are different from cold sores (which are caused by the herpes virus). Common causes of aphthous ulcers: Injury to the mouth  – biting the inside of the cheek or brushing too hard. Stress  – emotional or physical stress can trigger ulcers. Nutritional deficiencies  – especially in B vitamins, iron, and folic acid. Hormonal changes  – they can occur during menstruation or other hormonal shifts. Certain foods  – spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods may trigger or worsen ulcers. Underlying health conditions  – such as autoimmune diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease, celiac disease), or conditions like HIV/AIDS. Symptoms: Painful round or oval sores with a white or yellowish center and a red border. Sensitivity to certain foods (like citrus, spicy...

  Impetigo is a common and highly contagious skin infection, often affecting children but it can occur at any age. It’s caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Symptoms: Red sores or blisters that can break open, ooze, and form a yellow-brown crust Commonly found around the nose, mouth, and sometimes other areas like arms and legs Itching or discomfort at the site of the sores Types of Impetigo: Non-bullous impetigo : The most common form, which starts as small red spots that turn into blisters, burst, and form a crust. Bullous impetigo : Characterized by larger blisters that don’t burst as easily and are filled with clear fluid. Ecthyma : A deeper form of impetigo, which can lead to ulcers and scars. Treatment: Topical antibiotics : For mild cases, like  mupirocin  or  retapamulin  ointments. Oral antibiotics : For more severe cases or when the infection is widespread, such as  dicloxacillin  or  cephalexin . ...

  Nummular eczema, also known as nummular dermatitis or discoid eczema, is a chronic skin condition characterized by the development of circular, itchy, red, and inflamed patches on the skin. The word "nummular" comes from the Latin word nummus , meaning "coin," because the lesions often appear in the shape of coins. Here are some key points about nummular eczema: Symptoms: Round or oval-shaped patches on the skin that may be red, inflamed, and scaly. Itching is often intense. The skin can become dry, cracked, or blistered. The affected areas are typically on the arms, legs, or torso, but can occur anywhere on the body. Causes: Genetic factors : Individuals with a family history of eczema or other allergic conditions (such as asthma) are more likely to develop nummular eczema. Dry skin : Low humidity or cold weather can trigger or worsen symptoms. Infections : Sometimes, nummular eczema can occur after a skin infection, such as fungal or bacterial infections. Aller...

  Scabies is a highly contagious skin condition caused by an infestation of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. These mites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching and a rash. The condition is typically spread through close physical contact, such as during sexual activity or by sharing clothing or bedding. Key Symptoms: Itching  – Often worse at night. Rash  – A red, inflamed rash, often with small blisters. Burrows  – Thin, grayish or red lines on the skin where the mites have burrowed. Sores  – Resulting from scratching the itchy areas. Common Areas Affected: Hands and wrists Elbows Armpits Waistline Genital area Between fingers and toes Treatment: Topical medications  – Prescription creams (like permethrin or ivermectin) are typically used to kill the mites. Antihistamines  – To reduce itching. Cleanliness  – Washing all clothes, bedding, and towels in hot water and drying them in high heat to eliminate mites. Avoid close contact  – Until ...