Atlas of Diseases

 

 

 

  Leukoplakia refers to white patches or plaques that form on the mucous membranes inside the mouth, often on the tongue, the inside of the cheeks, or the gums. It’s a condition that can be caused by various factors, including: Tobacco use  – Smoking or chewing tobacco is a leading cause of leukoplakia. Alcohol consumption  – Excessive drinking, especially in combination with smoking, can increase the risk. Chronic irritation  – This may be due to rough teeth, poorly fitting dentures, or other irritants. Human papillomavirus (HPV)  – Certain strains of HPV can also contribute to the development of leukoplakia. Symptoms and signs : White or grayish patches that are hard and cannot be scraped off easily. They may have a leathery or thick appearance. Occasionally, there might be a burning sensation or pain in the affected area. Diagnosis : A healthcare provider will examine the area and may perform a biopsy to rule out cancerous changes, as some types of leukoplak...

  "FTU" in the context of steroids typically refers to a "Finger Tip Unit," which is a measurement used in dermatology to prescribe the amount of topical steroid to apply to the skin. One FTU is the amount of cream or ointment squeezed from a tube to cover the tip of an adult’s finger, and it roughly equals about 0.5 grams. The FTU system helps determine proper dosages for patients using topical corticosteroids to avoid overuse or underuse.

  Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, rapidly progressing soft tissue infection that affects the fascial plane, which is the connective tissue that surrounds muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. It is often caused by a combination of bacterial infections, including both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The infection can destroy tissue and spread rapidly, leading to widespread tissue death (necrosis), and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Symptoms of Necrotizing Fasciitis: Severe pain:  Often out of proportion to the appearance of the skin. Swelling and redness:  The skin may become discolored, with areas of redness or purple coloring. Fever and chills:  The body’s response to infection. Blisters or ulcers:  The skin may develop blisters or open sores. Foul-smelling discharge:  This can be seen in severe cases where the tissue has started to break down. Shock:  In extreme cases, it can lead to septic shock, with symptoms like low blood ...